Mark Bray

Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean: Power Dynamics and Implications for Learning and Equity Mark Bray

Publisher Marketing: Private tutoring-supplementary, out-of-school instruction offered at a fee to individuals or groups-represents a substantial household expenditure, even in systems that claim to have free public education. It plays out across, alongside, and even within some school systems. Emerging as a 'shadow education', private tutoring now operates as a system and industry crossing national, regional, and social-class boundaries. Private tutoring is provided through different modes of delivery including the internet. Policy makers, parents, teachers, trade unions, corporations, community associations, and students are implicated in the private tutoring industry. The debates over private tutoring are therefore part of the larger struggles over the ends of education in just and equitable societies. The authors in this volume address diverse national settings of private tutoring across the Mediterranean, and examine its political, economic, social, and cultural underpinnings. They draw on a range of conceptual frameworks, and deploy a variety of research methods to problematize the multifaceted relationships between tutoring, learning, and equity. The volume captures a multiplicity of voices, and focuses on some of the central challenges facing education in pluralistic societies Contributor Bio:  Bray, Mark Mark Bray is Chair Professor of Comparative Education at the University of Hong Kong. He has worked at the University of Hong Kong since 1986. Between 2006 and 2010 he took leave from the University to work as Director of UNESCO s International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) in Paris.