Charles S Mangum

Osteology Charles S Mangum

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Excerpt from the book:

"A typical rib presents for examination a posterior (vertebral) extremity, an anterior (sternal) extremity, and a shaft or body. Posterior Extremity consists of: (1) A head with two articular facets separated by an antero-posterior ridge. (2) A neck, flat and smooth in front, rough behind; superior border thin, called the "crest"; inferior border thicker. (3) The tuberosity, on the posterior aspect of junction of neck with shaft, which is rough above, articular below. Anterior (Sternal) Extremity presents a pit in the end for costal cartilage. Shaft (Body): Curved, oblique, and twisted; bent upward and inward. Presents two surfaces and two borders. External (outside) surface is convex. Internal (inside) surface concave and presents the subcostal groove near the inferior border. Superior border, thick and rounded. Inferior border, thin and sharp. The shaft presents the angle of the rib near the posterior extremity. "